在环保技术领域，生物脱硫工艺凭借其绿色、经济的特性，逐渐成为工业废气治理的主流方案。作为该工艺的核心要素，脱硫菌种的活性状态与系统稳定性息息相关。菌种是否需要定期更换或补充，以及如何确定补给周期，是保障脱硫效率的关键问题。

　　In the field of environmental protection technology, biological desulfurization process has gradually become the mainstream solution for industrial waste gas treatment due to its green and economical characteristics. As the core element of this process, the activity state of desulfurization bacteria is closely related to system stability. Whether the bacterial strains need to be replaced or replenished regularly, and how to determine the supply cycle, are key issues to ensure desulfurization efficiency.

　　生物脱硫菌种通过代谢活动将硫化物转化为单质硫或硫酸盐，其活性直接决定反应速率与转化效率。在连续运行过程中，菌种会面临多重挑战：废气中的硫化氢浓度波动可能超出菌种耐受范围，导致部分菌体失活；重金属离子、有机溶剂等有毒物质会破坏细胞结构，引发菌群衰退；温度、pH值等环境参数偏离适宜区间时，酶活性受到抑制，代谢速率下降。这些因素共同作用，使菌种活性呈现动态衰减趋势。

　　Biological desulfurization bacteria convert sulfides into elemental sulfur or sulfate through metabolic activities, and their activity directly determines the reaction rate and conversion efficiency. During continuous operation, bacterial strains will face multiple challenges: fluctuations in hydrogen sulfide concentration in exhaust gas may exceed the strain's tolerance range, leading to partial bacterial inactivation; Toxic substances such as heavy metal ions and organic solvents can damage cell structure and cause bacterial decline; When environmental parameters such as temperature and pH deviate from the appropriate range, enzyme activity is inhibited and metabolic rate decreases. These factors work together to cause a dynamic decline in bacterial activity.

　　菌种补充的必要性源于微生物群落的自然演替规律。在长期运行中，优势菌种可能因环境压力被其他菌属替代，导致脱硫专一性减弱。同时，菌体自然死亡形成的生物膜脱落，会降低反应器内的生物量。当出气硫化氢浓度突破预警阈值，或压差传感器显示填料层堵塞加剧时，表明菌种活性已不足以维持系统效能。此时需通过镜检观察菌体形态，结合活性检测数据，判断是否需要启动菌种补给程序。

　　The necessity of supplementing bacterial strains stems from the natural succession laws of microbial communities. In long-term operation, dominant bacterial strains may be replaced by other bacterial genera due to environmental pressure, leading to a decrease in desulfurization specificity. At the same time, the shedding of biofilm formed by the natural death of bacterial cells will reduce the biomass inside the reactor. When the concentration of hydrogen sulfide in the exhaust gas exceeds the warning threshold, or when the pressure difference sensor shows that the blockage of the packing layer is worsening, it indicates that the bacterial activity is no longer sufficient to maintain system efficiency. At this point, it is necessary to observe the morphology of the bacterial cells through microscopic examination, combined with activity detection data, to determine whether the strain supply program needs to be initiated.

　　补给周期的确定需建立动态监测体系。实时监测进出口硫化物浓度，计算脱硫效率衰减率，当效率下降超过15%时触发评估机制。定期采集生物膜样本，通过平板计数法测定活菌浓度，结合ATP生物发光法评估代谢活性。对于高负荷工况，建议每3-6个月进行全面菌群分析，采用高通量测序技术检测菌种多样性指数，当优势菌属相对丰度低于30%时，需制定针对性补给方案。

　　The determination of supply cycle requires the establishment of a dynamic monitoring system. Real time monitoring of import and export sulfide concentration, calculation of desulfurization efficiency attenuation rate, triggering evalsuation mechanism when efficiency drops by more than 15%. Regularly collect biofilm samples, measure the concentration of viable bacteria using plate counting method, and evalsuate metabolic activity using ATP bioluminescence assay. For high load conditions, it is recommended to conduct a comprehensive microbiota analysis every 3-6 months and use high-throughput sequencing technology to detect the diversity index of bacterial strains. When the relative abundance of dominant bacterial genera is less than 30%, a targeted supply plan needs to be developed.

　　菌种补给策略包含活性复苏与定向强化两种模式。对于因环境波动导致的暂时性失活，可通过投加营养剂、调节pH值等方式恢复菌种代谢能力。当菌群结构发生根本性改变时，需引入脱硫菌剂进行定向强化。补给量应根据反应器容积、菌种浓度衰减幅度确定，通常按生物膜量的5%-10%进行补充，采用多点投加方式确保分布均匀。

　　The strain supply strategy includes two modes: active recovery and targeted reinforcement. For temporary inactivation caused by environmental fluctuations, the metabolic ability of bacterial strains can be restored by adding nutrients, adjusting pH values, and other methods. When the structure of the microbial community undergoes fundamental changes, it is necessary to introduce desulfurizing agents for targeted reinforcement. The supply amount should be determined based on the reactor volume and the attenuation amplitude of bacterial concentration. It is usually supplemented by 5% -10% of the biofilm amount, and a multi-point feeding method is used to ensure uniform distribution.

　　生物脱硫系统的稳定运行，依赖于对菌种活性的精准把控。通过建立包含过程参数监测、菌群结构分析、活性检测在内的综合评估体系，可科学制定菌种补给周期与策略。这种动态管理方式，既能避免过度补给造成的成本浪费，又能防止菌种衰退引发的系统崩溃，为工业废气生物治理提供可持续的技术保障。

　　The stable operation of biological desulfurization systems relies on precise control of bacterial activity. By establishing a comprehensive evalsuation system that includes process parameter monitoring, microbial community structure analysis, and activity detection, it is possible to scientifically formulate the supply cycle and strategy of bacterial strains. This dynamic management approach can not only avoid cost waste caused by excessive supply, but also prevent system collapse caused by bacterial decline, providing sustainable technical support for the biological treatment of industrial waste gas.

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